Más que ovulos y esperma: factores masculinos, femeninos, y ambientales que influyen en la reproducción de mosquitos de Aedes y Anopheles
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La reproducción es más que la unión del esperma con el óvulo, ya que la generación exitosa de la progenie requiere una serie de interacciones (comportamentales, físicas y moleculares) entre machos y hembras para asegurar que un espermatozoide pueda fertilizar un óvulo. Por lo tanto, la reproducción es un proceso complejo en el que se requieren señales de comportamiento específicas de la especie y del sexo para la localización, el reconocimiento y la atracción de la pareja. Además, la interacción de moléculas específicas de la especie y del sexo, posterior a la inseminación es necesaria para garantizar la generación exitosa de la progenie. En esta revisión, nos centraremos en los procesos comportamentales y fisiológicos necesarios para la reproducción en mosquitos vectores de enfermedades, Aedes y Anopheles. Destacaremos los trabajos recientes que han dilucidado los comportamientos pre-apareamiento de machos y hembras que conducen a una cópula exitosa y describiremos los cambios fisiológicos y de comportamiento posteriores al apareamiento observados en las hembras, que facilitan, principalmente, la producción de progenie. Así mismo, discutiremos el papel de las moléculas específicas del sexo en la mediación de los cambios posteriores al apareamiento observados en las hembras apareadas de Aedes y Anopheles. Finalmente, daremos una descripción general de cómo los factores ambientales (por ejemplo, la nutrición de las larvas o la composición del microbioma) pueden influir en la fertilidad de los adultos.
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Aceptado 2022-04-21
Publicado 2022-07-07
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