Estimation of the maximum load of sediments for the determination of the formation of sand banks on the Cauca River, Jamundí-Valle del Cauca
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The estimation of the maximum load of sediments on the river bed allows to determine the zones of accumulation and later formation of sand banks. This article presents the results of the estimation of the maximum load of sediments on the river bed of the Cauca River. The study zone is characterized by a low gradient and sinusoidal shape, in addition to a tropical climate of only two seasons, where there are rainy seasons in which the transport occurs, followed by hot summer seasons where the dragging material accumulates on the river bed, characteristics sufficient for the formation of sand banks. We started from studies carried out in rivers with fluvial and topographic characteristics very similar to those of the study zone, which, from the application of mathematical models to the pixel values of the aerial photographs of the river, allowed the recognition of the riverbed and the formation of sand banks on the bed. For the calculation of sediment transport or bottom load, the relationship of Meyer-Peter & Muller (Ferguson, 2008) and the function of Shields, Church (2006) were used, models that depend on the topographical characteristics of the river bed. The digital elevation model obtained from photogrammetric processing was used, as well as a grain size of 4mm and a virtual speed of 1.3 m/s. For the definitive recognition of the bed, the power and shear stress or erosion functions were chosen by Lorang et al. (2005). The results obtained showed that the Cauca River has great accumulation capacity, as well as sediment transport. Accumulation zones were highlighted, which for the year of study presented a potential for the formation of sand banks, which to date continue to be exploited, the results of bottom loading, sand bank formation and river bed recognition, showed coherence between them, allowing validity in the results, for a river of the characteristics studied.
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