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Having in mind the images of the sun, line and cave as an outline and its coincidence with the structure of the Republic as a whole, the author discusses the nature of diánoia and its objects. He pretends to show that the analysis of the structure of the soul at Republic IV proceeds according to dianoia, that is, in the same way as the hypothetical-deductive method used in mathematics. Thus he proposes that this investigation assumes the law of non-contradiction as hypothesis and as a principle. He concludes, therefore, that the mathematical entities are not the only objects of dianoia and, that as the so called “parts” of the soul, are of a purely conceptual nature. Furthermore, he characterizes the relation between the objects of dianoia and pistis as a dialectic of original and image. This is well represented by the consciously intended equality and inequality of the middle sections of the line. Last but not least, this also valid for the relation between the civic and personal virtues, as much as for the two different kinds of mathematical entities corresponding to the levels of corresponding mathematical disciplines distinguished by Plato.

Raúl Gutiérrez, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru

Senior Professor and Director of the Postgraduate in Philosophy. PhD in Philosophy from the University of Tübingen. Master in Philosophy and History of Religions from the University of Freiburg im Breisgau. Founding member of the Latin American Association of Ancient Philosophy (ALFA) and the International Plato Society. Among his published books are: (1990) "Schelling. Apuntes biográficos". Malaga: Edinford, (1999) "Wille und Subjekt bei Juan de la Cruz". Tübingen / Basel: Francke and (2017) "El Arte de la Conversión. Un estudio sobre la República de Platón" Lima: Editorial Fund Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. He has edited the books (2013) "Los Símiles de la República VI-VII de Platón". Lima: Editorial Fund Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, (2013) "Mathemata. Ecos de Filosofía Antigua". Lima: Editorial Fund Pontifical Catholic University of Peru and (2011) "Correspondencia. Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel" Translation, introduction and notes by Hugo Ochoa Disselkoen and Raúl Gutiérrez. Bogotá: National University of Colombia. His lines of research are Ancient Philosophy, especially Plato, Neoplatonism and medieval Platonism.

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